Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector: When Middle Managers Create Public Value

Cover......Page 1
Entrepreneurship\rin the Public Sector......Page 4
ISBN 9783834930859......Page 5
Foreword......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Overview of Contents......Page 10
Table of Contents......Page 12
List of Tables......Page 16
List of Figures......Page 17
List of Abbreviations......Page 18
Abstract......Page 20
Zusammenfassung......Page 21
1.1 Context: Entrepreneurship and Public Value in the Public Sector......Page 22
1.2 Research Gap and Research Questions......Page 23
1.3 Contributions......Page 26
1.4 Dissertation Outline......Page 27
2.1.1 Categorization of Literature......Page 30
2.1.2 Historical Development of Literature......Page 32
2.1.3 Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 34
2.1.4 Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 35
2.1.5 Summary of Key Terms......Page 37
2.2 The Role of Middle Management......Page 38
The Changing View of Middle Management’s Role......Page 39
The Middle Management Perspective......Page 40
2.2.2 The Role of Middle Management in Corporate Entrepreneurship Corporate Entrepreneurship – a Multi-level Phenomenon......Page 41
The Roles and Behaviors of Middle Managers......Page 42
A Model of Middle Managers’ Entrepreneurial Behavior......Page 43
2.3 Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Entrepreneurship......Page 45
2.3.1 Organizational Antecedents......Page 46
2.3.3 Managerial Antecedents......Page 47
2.3.4 Consequences......Page 48
2.4 Summary of Private Sector Corporate Entrepreneurship......Page 49
3.1.1 Differences between Private and Public Sector Organizations......Page 52
Definitions Used in Literature......Page 53
Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 57
Working Definitions of Entrepreneurship within Public Sector Organizations......Page 58
3.1.3 Justification for Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector......Page 59
3.1.4 Limitations to Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector......Page 61
3.2.1 Traditional Public Management......Page 62
3.2.2 New Public Management......Page 64
3.2.3 Public Value Management......Page 65
Definitions......Page 66
What is Public Value?......Page 68
Problems and Criticism......Page 70
3.2.4 Comparison of Approaches......Page 71
3.3.1 Categorization......Page 73
3.3.2 Outsiders and Politicians......Page 75
Conceptual and Qualitative......Page 76
Quantitative (Descriptive)......Page 78
Quantitative (Inferential)......Page 79
3.3.4 Middle Managers......Page 80
3.3.5 Front-line Managers and Staff......Page 81
3.4 Summary and Open Questions......Page 82
4.1 Research Frame......Page 86
4.2.1 Management Support......Page 88
4.2.2 Work Discretion......Page 90
4.2.3 Rewards/Reinforcement......Page 91
4.2.4 Resource Availability......Page 93
4.2.5 Management Control System......Page 95
Management Control System: KPI focus and KPI interpretation......Page 96
Management Control System: Goal Ambiguity......Page 98
4.3.1 Multitude of Expectations......Page 100
4.4 Managerial Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 102
4.4.1 Job Insecurity......Page 103
4.4.2 Localism......Page 104
4.5 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Public Value Orientation......Page 105
4.6 Summary of Hypotheses and Theoretical Model......Page 107
5.1 Choice of Research Methods......Page 108
5.2.1 Context: The German Federal Labor Agency as a Single Case The Choice of a Single Case......Page 109
The Appropriateness of FLA for Studying Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 110
The FLA’s Organizational Structure......Page 111
5.2.2 Data Collection Procedure......Page 113
5.3.1 Questionnaire Development......Page 115
5.3.2 Measurement Scale Dimension......Page 116
5.3.3 Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 118
5.3.4 Public Value Orientation......Page 119
5.3.5 Organizational Antecedents......Page 120
5.3.7 Managerial Antecedents......Page 122
5.3.8 Control Variables......Page 123
5.4.1 Level of Theory, Measurement, and Analysis......Page 124
5.4.2 Choice of Analytical Procedure......Page 126
5.4.4 Model Assessment Criteria......Page 128
Dimensionality and Goodness of Fit Indices......Page 129
Reliability......Page 132
Validity......Page 134
Summary of Model Assessment Criteria......Page 135
5.5 Summary of Research Methods......Page 136
6.1.1 Describing the Sample......Page 140
6.1.2 Checking for Nonresponse Bias......Page 142
6.1.3 Checking for Common Method Bias......Page 143
6.1.4 Dealing with Missing Values......Page 145
Step 2: Determine the Extent of Missing Data......Page 146
Step 3: Diagnose the Randomness of the Missing Data Process54......Page 147
Step 4: Select the Imputation Method......Page 148
6.1.6 Assessing Normality......Page 149
6.1.7 Detecting Outliers......Page 150
6.1.8 Transforming Variables......Page 151
6.2.1 Endogenous Measurement Model......Page 152
6.2.2 Exogenous Measurement Model Exploratory Factor Analysis......Page 153
Confirmatory Factor Analysis......Page 154
Reliability......Page 157
Validity......Page 159
6.2.4 Summary of Measurement Model......Page 160
6.3.1 Control Variables......Page 161
6.3.2 Structural Equation Model: Exogenous Constructs and EO......Page 162
6.3.4 Structural Equation Model: Exogenous Constructs, EO and PVO......Page 163
6.3.5 Test of Hypotheses: Interpretation of Coefficients......Page 165
6.4 Summary of Results......Page 167
7.1 Interpretation of Results......Page 170
7.1.1 Organizational Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 171
7.1.2 Environmental Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 174
7.1.4 Integrated Interpretation of Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Orientation......Page 175
7.2 Contributions to Literature......Page 177
7.2.1 Contributions to Public Entrepreneurship Literature......Page 178
7.2.2 Contributions to Public Value Management Literature......Page 179
7.3 Contributions to Management Practice......Page 180
7.3.1 Human Resources Management......Page 181
7.4 Limitations and Future Research......Page 182
8 Conclusion......Page 186
Appendix 1 Literature on Public Entrepreneurship......Page 188
Appendix 2 Questionnaire (Extract)......Page 194
Appendix 3 Missing Values Analysis by Case......Page 196
Appendix 4 Group Comparisons of Cases with Missing versus Valid Data......Page 197
Appendix 5 Model Fit of Measurement Models......Page 198
Appendix 6 Fornell-Larcker Test for Complete Measurement Model......Page 199
Appendix 7 Parameter Estimates for Control Variables......Page 200
Appendix 8 Final Structural Equation Model (Detailed)......Page 201
Appendix 9 Parameter Estimates of Structural Equation Models......Page 202
Appendix 10 Constructs and Variables in Main Modeling Steps......Page 203
References......Page 206