Amino Acids: Chemistry, Biology and Medicine

Front Matter....Pages i-xx
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Novel amino acids from plants....Pages 3-9
Chirospecific synthesis of amino acids and analogues....Pages 10-20
Toxic and non-toxic nonprotein amino acids in the Vicieae....Pages 21-28
3-Amino-2 H -azirines, equivalents of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids in the synthesis of heterocycles and peptides....Pages 29-38
Chemistry of glutamate analogues....Pages 39-46
A simple conversion of tryptophan to a yohimbane derivative....Pages 47-55
Peptide and protein hydrolysis by microwave irradiation: Kinetics and refinement of hydrolysis conditions for peptide-bond cleavage....Pages 56-63
13C-Leucine-Tracer-Technique in clinical research on postoperative protein metabolism....Pages 64-70
Effect of Na+ electrochemical potential energy on system A Amino acid transport in rat skeletal muscle during endotoxic shock....Pages 71-80
The effect of arginine on glycolysis by oral bacteria....Pages 81-84
Methionine sulfoxide in the hinge-ligament protein of molluscan bivalve species....Pages 85-95
Separation of D- and L-amino acids by ion exchange column chromatography in the form of 2-sulfonic acid alanyl dipeptides....Pages 96-101
Chiroptical properties of fluorescamine and MDPF condensation compounds with amino acids, amino acid esters and dipeptides....Pages 102-118
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure α-H and α-alkyl α-amino acids and derivatives....Pages 119-125
Synthesis of 11C-labelled amino acids....Pages 126-133
Chemoenzymatic syntheses of enantiomerically pure hydroxy amino acids....Pages 134-142
Amino acid analysis by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and chiral thiols....Pages 143-151
Chiral ligand-exchange chromatography of amino acid derivatives....Pages 152-158
Enantioseparation of Cα-disubstituted glycines....Pages 159-165
Enzymatic synthesis and biochemical reactions of fluorinated analogues of L-tyrosine and L-dopa....Pages 166-172
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
The presence of 4-methylproline in the mammalian system....Pages 173-183
Infrared spectroscopical studies on the non-enzymatic glycosylation of arginine and collagen....Pages 184-192
Biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor having nonprotein amino acid residues by Escherichia coli....Pages 193-200
Determination of methylated basic amino acids, 5-hydroxylysine, and elastin crosslinks in proteins and tissues....Pages 201-216
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Cerebroprotective and anticonvulsant action of competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists....Pages 219-232
Differential effects of competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists on GABA turnover in the mouse brain....Pages 233-243
Excitatory amino acid receptors coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism: Characterization and possible role in physiology and physiopathology....Pages 244-254
Excitatory amino acid actions on membrane potential and conductance of brainstem motoneurones....Pages 255-262
Blockade of audiogenic seizures by a GABA-uptake inhibitor, NO-328, in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat....Pages 263-268
N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonists stimulate locomotor activity in monoamine depleted rats: Implications for the therapy of Parkinson’s disease....Pages 269-275
Motor neuron degeneration linked to excitatory amino acids: Histological and immunocytochemical approaches....Pages 276-280
Acromelic acid as a tool for the study of specific neurone damages....Pages 281-293
Studies on the role of NMDA, GABA and adenosine receptors within discrete brain nuclei in the high pressure neurological syndrome in rats....Pages 294-302
Cerebral amino acids in neonate from caffeine-drinking dam....Pages 303-306
Inhibitory effects of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine against maximal electroconvulsion and brain norepinephrine in mice....Pages 307-317
Small neurons in the lower spinal cord are selectively damaged in the spastic rat by acromelic acid....Pages 318-326
Alteration of the NMDA associated ion channel binding sites in the epileptic mutant mouse quaking....Pages 327-336
GABAA-similar-receptor-subtypes mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian labyrinth: An experimental and clinical study....Pages 337-344
GABA uptake inhibitors: Possible use as anti-epileptic drugs....Pages 345-351
Enzymatic depletion of rat blood tryptophan in vivo and its consequences — rapid depletion of brain serotonin and perturbation of sleep/waking patterns....Pages 352-358
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Relationships between plasma tryptophan and brain tryptophan, and consequences on CNS serotonin metabolism in the exercising rat....Pages 359-363
Influence of cerebral blood flow on tryptophan uptake into brain....Pages 364-369
Tyrosine and tryptophan analogues as MAO-inhibiting prodrugs....Pages 370-378
Altered glutamate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and treatment with branched chain amino acids....Pages 379-385
Tryptophan in the amelioration of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia....Pages 386-390
Biochemical and behavioural study of tryptophan administration to mice treated neonatally with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine....Pages 391-397
New potent excitatory amino acids and marked potentiation of glutamate responses: Pharmacology of conformationally restricted glutamate analogues....Pages 398-409
The neurotoxic effects of kainic acid on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium....Pages 410-414
CSF amino acids in childhood epilepsy....Pages 415-421
Regulation of amino acid uptake into astrocytes: One way to modulate neuronal activity....Pages 422-426
Probing glycine interactions at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor with the 22Na flux assay....Pages 427-435
Regulation of breathing, glycine, and other neurotransmitter amino acids in brain and cerebrospinal fluid during respiratory acidosis and ammonia infusion*....Pages 436-442
Role of GABA-mediated neurotransmission in seizures of El mice....Pages 443-454
The kainic acid model of human temporal lobe epilepsy: The superiority of intra-amygdaloid injection versus other application routes....Pages 455-464
Excitatory amino acids control the gastric function in the rat....Pages 465-475
Interfering with glutamatergic neurotransmission by means of MK-801 administration discloses the locomotor stimulatory potential of other transmitter systems in rats and mice....Pages 476-487
Glutamate and aspartate in corticofugal neurons: A combined immunocytochemical and tracing study....Pages 488-496
The role of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids in the integration of respiratory and cardiovascular functions....Pages 497-504
2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline, a selective non-N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, has neuroprotective properties in a model of transient global ischaemia....Pages 505-509
2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid and nimodipine improve post-ischemic changes of brain antioxidative enzyme activities only when given together....Pages 510-518
Front Matter....Pages 217-217
Astroglial ablation by the glutamate analogue gliotoxin α-aminoadipic acid prevents l-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced nigrostriatal neuronal death....Pages 519-528
Infant rats exposure to aspartate and glutamate: Neuroendocrinopathies and structural analysis of brain damage....Pages 529-537
GYKI 52466, an inhibitor of spinal reflexes is a potent quisqualate antagonist....Pages 538-546
Ifenprodil and SL 82.0715 antagonize the effects of NMDA via a polyamine-sensitive modulatory site....Pages 547-555
Therapeutic potential of the atypical non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, ifenprodil and SL 82.0715, in ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases....Pages 556-565
Synthesis and neuroexcitatory activity of new kainoids....Pages 566-572
Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate, GABA and glycine in the human retina....Pages 573-582
Contribution of glial cells and of aspartate aminotransferase for amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism in rat brain in vivo....Pages 583-588
Role of polyamines (spermine and spermidine) in mediating cerebral electrical activity and behaviour in rabbits....Pages 589-598
Regulation of cortical and striatal dopamine and acetylcholine release by glutamate mechanisms assayed in vivo with microdialysis: in situ stimulation with kainate-, quisqualate-and NMDA-receptor agonists....Pages 599-604
Front Matter....Pages 605-605
Effect of arginine-aspartate on free amino acid levels in various brain regions and pituitary of stressed rats....Pages 607-617
Effects of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan on the cardiovascular and endocrine system in humans....Pages 618-625
Therapeutic basis for congenital hyperammonemia: The role of amino acids and their transport systems in ureogenesis in the primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes....Pages 626-633
Local delivery of liposome-encapsulated proline analogue prevents pulmonary hypertension in the rat....Pages 634-642
Analogues to glutamine in clinical practice....Pages 643-645
Effect of amino acids and their analogues on renal function....Pages 646-650
Modulation of protein synthesis in a cell-free system from rat brain by Cerebrolysin during development and aging....Pages 651-657
The antispastic effect of L-threonine....Pages 658-663
Effectiveness of taurine in protecting biomembrane against oxidants....Pages 664-669
The effect of substance L on glucose mediated cross links of collagen in the diabetic KK mouse....Pages 670-675
Front Matter....Pages 605-605
Hemodynamic effects of the renin inhibitor CP-80,794 in several species....Pages 676-688
Phosphatidylserine: Preclinical basis for a therapeutic approach to the aging brain....Pages 689-693
Suppressive effects of dexamethasone on the availability of L-tryptophan and tyrosine to the brain of healthy controls....Pages 694-696
Therapeutic effects of taurine and vit-E in retinitis pigmentosa....Pages 697-703
Treatment of Leukemia 1210 intravenous transplants with tumor modifiers, redoubt cytotoxics and minor tranquilizers....Pages 704-711
Oral treatment with branched-chain amino acids in 10 cases of hepatic encephalopathy: Dose finding, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response....Pages 712-723
Oral glutathione increases hepatic glutathione and prevents acetaminophen toxicity....Pages 724-729
Syntheses of thymopoietins and their immunological effects: Relationship of amino acid sequence to immunological activity....Pages 730-737
Effect of L-tryptophan on the blood pressure of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension....Pages 738-744
Excitatory amino acid antagonists and memory: Effect of drugs acting at N- methyl-D-aspartate receptors in learning and memory tasks....Pages 745-753
Front Matter....Pages 755-755
A brief preliminary analysis of the biochemical data from patients who have attempted suicide....Pages 757-761
Metabolic tyrosine disorder in mink and PLP therapy of hereditary tyrosinemia....Pages 762-772
Tryptophan degradation in tumor cells undergoing rejection....Pages 773-780
A stimulatory effect of substrates for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase on insulin secretion in mice....Pages 781-788
Polyamines in human lymphocytes....Pages 789-798
Modulation of amino acid-induced insulin and glucagon secretion by the hepatic vagus nerve in the rat....Pages 799-806
Regulation of pancreatic amino acid transporters: Use of amino acids as probes for screening regional tissue metabolism in pancreatitis....Pages 807-816
Modulation of ovine lymphocyte function by leucine and leucine metabolites....Pages 817-820
Polyamine-derived post-translational modification of glutamine residues in intracellular proteins....Pages 821-827
Regulatory effects of thyroid hormones on amino acid metabolism in the brain: The influence of maternal hypothyroxinemia on brain biochemistry of adult rat progeny....Pages 828-838
Front Matter....Pages 755-755
The biological importance of the formation of nitric oxide from L-arginine....Pages 839-842
Effects of infusion of leucine and other essential amino acids on leucine metabolism in humans....Pages 843-849
The use of amino acid based CAPD fluid in chronic renal failure....Pages 850-857
Is serum tryptophan a good indicator of CNS serotonin metabolism in chronic alcoholics with hepatopathy?....Pages 858-860
Effects of branched chain amino acids and ketoanalogues on brain branched chain and aromatic amino acids in experimental liver disease....Pages 861-866
Modulation by ligands of the phosphorylation state of phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase in intact hepatocytes....Pages 867-874
Solubilization and functional reconstitution of the mitochondrial branched chain α-keto acid transporter....Pages 875-880
Regulation of branched chain amino acid catabolism in mammalian tissues: Characterization of the mitochondrial aminotransferase....Pages 881-886
Effect of ornithine on albumin and transferrin secretions in rat and human hepatocyte cultures....Pages 887-895
Hormonal regulation of glycine metabolism....Pages 896-902
Treatment of congenital hyperammonemia with L-carnitine....Pages 903-911
Characterization of glutamate transport in isolated adult rat heart cells....Pages 912-919
Amino acid determination of human intestinal mucosa obtained by endosopic biopsies....Pages 920-927
Taurine and osmoregulation: An assessment using in vivo and in vitro experimental systems....Pages 928-932
Role of amino acids in experimental intrahepatic cholestasis....Pages 933-939
Physiological properties of 4-chlorotryptophan, a novel natural chloroamino acid....Pages 940-940
Cardiac metabolism and clinical effects of glutamate in controls and patients with coronary artery disease....Pages 945-950
Changes in glutathione and cysteine levels after 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate administration in guinea pig tissues....Pages 951-955
Estimation of maternal fetal amino acid transport and alanine production in the fetus, with stable tracer L-[15N]alanine and L-[15N]valine....Pages 956-961
The evaluation of melatonin as a possible anti-stress hormone....Pages 962-969
Front Matter....Pages 755-755
Role of glutathione metabolism in heavy metal poisoning....Pages 970-975
Altered capacities for amino acid transport in response to liver injury by CC14 and during subsequent regeneration....Pages 976-981
Effects of some amino acids and peptide growth factors on wool growth and wool follicle function in sheep....Pages 982-990
L-Arginine transport and regulation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) in cultured vascular endothelial cells....Pages 991-997
Error rates and mechanism of substrate recognition in aminoacylation of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases....Pages 998-1008
Effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin on some aspects of amino acid and protein metabolism by the rat small intestine....Pages 1009-1016
Development of high-capacity, low-affinity L-arginine transport in a proximal tubular cell line during differentiation....Pages 1017-1028
Regulation of lysine biosynthesis in the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum....Pages 1029-1034
The relationships between the availability of L-tryptophan in serum and HPA-axis function in postpartum females....Pages 1035-1039
Biosynthetic mechanism and physiological role of heterocyclic ß-substituted alanines in higher plants....Pages 1040-1051
Tryptophan side chain oxidase: Types I and II from Pseudomonas....Pages 1052-1058
Enzymatic derivatizations of tryptophan residues in peptides and proteins, free tryptophan, and its metabolites with tryptophan side chain oxidase types I and II from Pseudomonas....Pages 1059-1066
Front Matter....Pages 1067-1067
Effect of amino acid, ketoacid supplementation to a low-protein diet on diabetic nephropathy with chronic renal failure....Pages 1069-1078
A novel use of amino acid ratios as an indicator of nutritional status....Pages 1079-1083
Lysine and methionine in dairy cows’ nutrition....Pages 1084-1087
Dietary tyrosine supplementation corrects tyrosine and dopamine deficits in diabetic rat retina....Pages 1088-1094
Renal immaturity causes taurine depletion in very low birth weight infants fed with prolonged total parenteral nutrition....Pages 1095-1103
Prophylactic use of amino acids in the treatment of inborn errors of the urea cycle....Pages 1104-1107
Effect of methionine supplementation of low protein diets in the rat: A review....Pages 1108-1113
Potential of γ-L-glutamyl-L-glutamine as an L-glutamine-containing dipeptide for parenteral nutrition....Pages 1114-1118
Front Matter....Pages 1067-1067
A low-protein diet supplemented with amino acids and their analogues lowers circulating ß-endorphins in chronic uremic patients....Pages 1119-1124
Amino acids as energy sources in genetically fat and lean chickens....Pages 1125-1131
Amino acid requirements of guinea pigs using chemically defined diets....Pages 1132-1140
Bioavailability of homocyst(e)ine in rats and humans....Pages 1141-1153
Feeding behavior, growth and tissue amino acids of rats fed diets containing norleucine or homoarginine....Pages 1154-1163
Toxicity of D-proline....Pages 1164-1171
D-Amino acids as ubiquitous constituents in fermented foods....Pages 1172-1182
Back Matter....Pages 1183-1195