Radar Systems, Peak Detection and Tracking

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Notations......Page 14
Part I Radar Systems......Page 26
1.1 Fourier analysis......Page 28
1.2 Discrete Fourier transform......Page 36
1.3 Other useful functions......Page 40
1.4 Fast Fourier transform......Page 50
1.5 Norm of a function......Page 52
1.6 Summary......Page 53
Appendix 1A......Page 54
2.1 An overview of radar system architecture......Page 62
3.1 Antenna radiation......Page 80
3.2 Target measurements......Page 92
3.3 Summary......Page 109
Appendix 3A......Page 110
4.1 Planar array......Page 112
4.2 Phase shifter......Page 117
4.3 Beam steering......Page 119
4.4 Inter-element spacing......Page 121
4.5 Pattern multiplication......Page 123
4.6 Slot antenna array......Page 124
4.7 Power and time budgets......Page 126
4.8 Summary......Page 128
5.1 Radar equation for conventional radar......Page 130
5.2 Target fluctuation models......Page 151
5.3 Detection probability......Page 154
5.4 Target detection range in clutter......Page 160
5.5 Radar equation for laser radar......Page 170
5.6 Search figure of merit......Page 175
5.7 Radar equation for secondary radars......Page 176
Appendix 5A Noise in Doppler processing......Page 178
Part II Ionosphere and HF Skywave Radar......Page 182
6.1 The admosphere......Page 184
6.2 The ionosphere......Page 185
6.3 Summary......Page 228
7 Skywave radar......Page 229
7.1 Skywave geometry......Page 230
7.2 Basic system architecture......Page 231
7.3 Beamforming......Page 243
7.4 Radar equation: a discussion......Page 248
7.5 Applications of skywave radar......Page 250
7.6 Summary......Page 252
Part III Peak Detection and Background Theories......Page 254
8.1 A basic concept of random variables......Page 256
8.2 Summary of applicable probability rules......Page 257
8.3 Probability density function......Page 262
8.4 Moment, average, variance and cumulant......Page 266
8.5 Stationarity and ergodicity......Page 269
8.6 An overview of probability distributions......Page 270
8.7 Summary......Page 280
9 Decision theory......Page 282
9.1 Tests of significance......Page 283
9.2 Error probabilities and decision criteria......Page 286
9.3 Maximum likelihood rule......Page 288
9.4 Neyman-Pearson rule......Page 290
9.5 Minimum error probability rule......Page 292
9.6 Bayes minimum risk rule......Page 296
9.7 Summary......Page 298
10 Signal-peak detection......Page 300
10.1 Signal processing......Page 301
10.2 Peak detection......Page 303
10.3 Matched filter......Page 306
10.4 Summary......Page 309
Part IV Estimation and Tracking......Page 312
11.1 Basic parameter estimator......Page 314
11.2 Maximum likelihood estimator......Page 315
11.3 Estimators a posteriori......Page 319
11.4 Linear estimators......Page 321
11.5 Summary......Page 336
12 Tracking......Page 338
12.1 Basic tracking process......Page 339
12.2 Filters for tracking......Page 341
12.3 Tracking with PDA filter in a cluttered environment......Page 357
12.4 Summary......Page 370
References......Page 373
Glossary......Page 380
Index......Page 384